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Appendix 1 : Rights and privileges of local communities in TPAs
Bako National Park was gazetted on the 1st May 1957 and covers an area of 2,727 ha in the Kuching Division. The inhabitants of Kampong Bako may remove poles for their own domestic use and for constructing fish traps from a strip 200 fathoms (360m) wide along the coast between Tanjong Pandan and Tanjong Sebur. Native fisherman are permitted to come ashore in this zone, and to use poles from this strip to construct temporary structures and to dry their nets.Gunung Mulu National Park was gazetted on the 1st August 1974 and covers an area of 52,865 ha in the Miri and Limbang Divisions. Four groups of local communities have privileges:
Niah National Park was gazetted on the 23rd November 1974 and covers an area of 3,138 ha in the Miri Division. Eleven parcels of alienated land were excluded from the Park when it was established. Those with legal rights to caves in the Park may collect guano and edible birds nests from the caves, except those situated within the Niah Historical Monument and Sites. They may also cut poles and bamboo to build structures for collecting and transporting guano and nests. Inhabitants of five villages and seven longhouses may collect forest produce such as firewood and poles, bamboo and bamboo shoots, palm shoots, edible ferns, pandan leaves and rotans from designated localities within the park for their own use and not for sale or barter.
Lambir Hills National Park was gazetted on the 15th May 1975 and covers an area of 6,949 ha in the Miri Division. No privileges were granted to local communities.
Similajau National Park was gazetted on the 1st December 1976 and covers an area of 7,064 ha in the Bintulu Division. No privileges were granted to local communities.
Gunung Gading National Park was gazetted on the 1st August 1983 and covers an area of 4,106 ha in the Kuching Division. No privileges were granted to local communities.
Kubah National Park was gazetted on the 1st December 1988 and covers an area of 2,230 ha in the Kuching Division. No privileges were granted to local communities.
Batang Ai National Park was gazetted on the 1st January 1990 and covers an area of 24,040 ha in the Sri Aman Division. However, about 75% of the total area is subject to Native Customary Rights, and forms enclaves (ie it is within the Park boundary but is not legally part of the Park). The boundaries of the enclaves have not been defined, and in practice Park management and local people have to work together to manage their lands as a single unit. In addition, the inhabitants of seven longhouses have the privileges to fish, hunt, collect forest produce and take timber and poles for firewood and construction of their longhouses and boats.
Loagan Bunut National Park was gazetted on the 1st July 1990 and covers an area of 10,736 ha in the Miri Division. As with Batang Ai, this figure includes the enclaves formed by land subject to Native Customary Rights. The inhabitants of Rumah Kajan Sigeh of Brawan descendant of Long Tru may hunt and take timber and poles for firewood and for construction of their own longhouses and boats, but not for sale, barter or profit. They may also take fish from Loagan Bunut, Sungai Bunut and Sungai Tru and collect forest produce; there is no restriction on the intended use of fish and forest produce, and it may be sold.
Tanjong Datu National Park was gazetted on the 16th March 1994 and covers an area of 1,379 ha in the Kuching Division. The inhabitants of Kampong Telok Melano and Kampong Serabang may hunt and take timber for firewood or for construction of their houses and boats, but not for sale, barter or profit. They may also fish, collect shellfish and collect forest produce, which may be sold.
Talang-Satang National Park was gazetted on the 26th August 1999 and covers a total area of 19,414 ha in the Kuching Division. The park consists of two islands in the Satang Area and two islands in the Talang-Talang area, together with the surrounding sea. All alienated land on the islands is excluded from the Park. Thirteen villages in the Satang area and eighteen villages in the Talang-Talang area may fish by traditional methods and collect shellfish on the shore of the park, and these fish and shellfish may be sold.
Rajang Mangrove National Park was gazetted on the 29th May 2000 and covers an area of 9,373 ha in the Sarikai Division. A 25 ha plot of alienated land forms an enclave. No privileges were conceded to any community within the area.
Bukit Tiban National Park was gazetted on the 17th February 2000 and covers an area of 8,000 ha in the Bintulu Division. No privileges were conceded to local communities.
Meludam National Park was gazetted on the 17th February 2000 and covers an area of 43,147 ha in the Sri Aman Division. Some alienated land forms enclaves. No privileges were conceded to local communities.
Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary was gazetted on the 22nd March 1979 and covers an area of 6,092 ha in the Kuching Division. The native community of Telok Melano, Telok Serabang, Kampong Pueh and Kampong Bedaun have the right to collect nipah palm and the privilege to collect forest produce for their own consumption from a strip not deeper than 2,000 links (approx 400m) along the coastal boundary of Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary.
Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary was gazetted on the 2nd February 1983 and covers an area of 168,758 ha in the Sri Aman, Sibu, Sarikai and Kapit Divisions. Thirteen longhouses in Ulu Ngemah, twelve longhouses in Ulu Kanowit and ten longhouses in Ulu Katibas may collect forest produce for their own consumption from designated areas within the Sanctuary.
Sibuti Wildlife Sanctuary in the Miri Division covers an area of 1,213 ha. No privileges were conceded to local communities.
Pulau Tukong Ara-Banun Wildlife Sanctuary was gazetted on the 29th August 1985 but was incorporated into Talang-Satang National Park when this was created. As a wildlife sanctuary, no privileges were conceded to local communities.